Духовные правления в условиях противостояния светской и духовной власти, на примере Исетской провинции Оренбургской губернии

Abstract

Цель — показ проблемы противостояния властей, духовной и светской, на основе событий, происходивших в Оренбургской губернии в середине XVIII века; деятельность Челябинского и других Духовных Правлений Исетской провинции в этот период. Освещен такой аспект взаимоотношений духовных и светских властей, как не согласованность и противоречивость их действий, урон от такого положения для экономического и культурного развития края, страны в целом. На этом фоне оценена эффективность не только собственно Духовных Правлений, но политики Тобольских митрополитов, качество государственной мысли в эпоху «дворцовых» переворотов. The Russian empire in the XVIII century had many problems, one of which was a conflict of powers — spiritual and secular. In the province, this phenomenon manifested itself more clearly, and was detrimental to the population and the state. Thus, this phenomenon caused additional problems of social and state relations. In the Urals in the mid-18th century, the Spiritual administration led the struggle with numerous old-believers. Thus a confrontation arose between spiritual and secular power. A conflict of power has become permanent, lasting for many years. Many law-abiding people died due to the actions of incompetent rulers. Governor I. Neplyuev, understood the value of human life. His actions led to the improvement of the situation in the Orenburg province. The situation of opposition of the authorities was aggravated by many other problems that existed in the state. Empress Catherine II in the 1760s finally abolished the authority of the church, but later on this led to other problems in the state. Empire problem — officials were not wise enough; monarchy absolute; full submission, there was no general civil law; so the subjective (personal) factor prevails. A conclusion based on the above: the degradation of social and state relations led to the existence of two parallel realities in a country where most people only survived the government, quietly hating it. The problem that has not been resolved in Russia is that the power is incompetent in managing the state, because it is not controlled by society.